Abstract

On 22 October 2014, José Palazón, a photographer with a human rights group in Melilla, a Spanish (semi-)enclave of 12 square kilometres in north Africa that borders on Morocco, took a photo of a dozen or so individuals who appeared to be unauthorized migrants. They were stuck atop a 6-metre-high fence, the last of three layers of barricades that divide the territory from Morocco. Taken from Spain’s side of the international boundary, the photo shows the migrants looking down on white-clad golfers on a verdant course. Meanwhile, one of the golfers looks at the would-be intruders at a distance while his partner gets ready to hit the ball and a Spanish border guard on a ladder tries to beckon the men to climb down so he and his fellow police officers can arrest them (see Kassam 2014b).