Abstract

The international energy system is in a state of constant change. However some global trends are discernible. These trends must be understood and taken into account as policymakers strive to balance considerations of energy security, climate security and economic competitiveness into policy frameworks that are, in most nations, increasingly designed to attain reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Policies developed in response to intensified efforts to reduce green-house gases will have both positive and negative implications for global economies and populations.