Abstract

Transportation development and urbanization are inextricably linked. This relationship is evident in several developing cities in Southeast Asia, where rapid urban growth puts pressure on existing transportation systems, and upgrades of transportation infrastructure and services are needed in order to support future growth. On the other hand, it has long been recognized that transportation development can cause inefficient urban growth patterns. For example, the so-called urban sprawl, low-density development along new highways makes it difficult and costly to provide adequate public services, including public transportation. It also aggravates traffic congestion on those highways in the long term (World Bank 2002).