Abstract

Huge amounts of energy are expended by athletes, both in training and competition. Often, energy and macronutrient intake are insufficient to compensate for this large energy expenditure. As a result, exercise performance can be affected adversely. It is recommended that those involved in regular exercise training consume 6–10 g•kg⁻¹•d⁻¹ of carbohydrate, ∼2 g•kg⁻¹•d⁻¹ of protein, and 1–2 g•kg⁻¹•d⁻¹ of fat. Moreover, energy intakes of 50 kcal•kg⁻¹•d⁻¹or greater will be necessary to maintain energy balance. Substantial interindividual differences exist, so regular monitoring of body composition and adjustments are also recommended.