Abstract

Since the late 1980s, there has been a paradoxical development in the sports world that can be best described as the indoorisation of outdoor sports. Typical outdoor sports such as surfing, skiing, snowboarding, mountain climbing and even ski jumping and parachute jumping, which used to be practised exclusively in natural environments, are now being offered by entrepreneurs in controlled indoor centres. Indoor centres such as snow domes and indoor climbing halls offer safe and predictable environments in which these outdoor sports can be consumed without going to a natural environment of mountains, oceans, lakes, rivers and the air (van Bottenburg and Salome, 2010).