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Item writing and writers
- Introduction
- Historical perspectives
- The psychometric approach, or “Reproduce similar items in multiple-choice format. Do it objectively”
- The authentic approach, or: “Search for authentic items. Avoid the multiple-choice format”
- The systematic approach, or “See the whole picture of test development. Do it systematically”
- The critical approach, or “Create items to help test takers. Think socio-politically”
- Critical issues
- Do we need a theory of test misuse?
- Who are the item writers?
- Is the multiple-choice item type still meaningful?
- Current contributions and research
- Future directions
- Further reading
- References
Abstract
In the last few decades, positivistic worldviews and the related scientific techniques of testing have influenced the development and evaluation of second and foreign language tests (Hamp-Lyons and Lynch, 1998), and psychometrically approached research on scored/rated data was encouraged and well-connected to the professional literature of language testing. More effort has been given to rater reliability and rater characteristics than to item construction issues in validity.
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