Abstract

The nineteenth century from the end of the Napoleonic Wars to World War I was a period of major institutional changes and rapid globalization for the Ottoman economy. After 1912 the Ottoman Empire and its principal successor state, Turkey, were engaged in a series of wars that lasted for a decade. These wars not only led to major demographic changes but also gave rise to nationalism and economic nationalism, both of which were strongly supported by the international environment during the period between the two World Wars. This chapter examines the economic and institutional transformations of these two periods and their legacy for modern Turkey.