Abstract

Nanoparticles are used for various reasons, like therapeutic and diagnostic purposes in nanomedicines. For the last couple of decades, nanomedicines have been receiving regulatory approval progressively and keep displaying some extraordinary results for future clinical translation. In regard to this, a primary task is to evaluate the pros and cons of nanoparticles so as to achieve the targeted delivery and desired activity. Various research has shown the efficacy of drug-encapsulated nanoparticles for treating the disorders related to lungs. Using nanoparticles for the purpose can effectively help in reducing the impacts of airway defenses in the lung, thereby offering a sustained drug release, delivery to the targeted location within the lung tissues as well as prolonged retention. Consequently, to alleviate the safety concerns, nanoparticles’ toxicity in the lungs also must be inspected precisely. In the present study, the major areas that have been discussed include – pulmonary drug delivery using dry powder carriers, clearance mechanism, nanoparticle suspensions pulmonary delivery using nebulization, toxicity involved in the inhaled ultrafine particles and the polymeric nanoparticles which are generally utilized in drug delivery. The branch of nanoparticle-based formulation is still in its premature stage, posing different regulatory, safety and toxicological related concerns to their applications in human beings.