Abstract

In spite of temporary oil “gluts,” elements of a new coal‐based synthetic fuels industry are slowly emerging in oil‐importing nations. This coal conversion activity involves the commercial integration of process and power systems. Overcoming both process engineering and environmental problems will be crucial factors in the development of coal liquefaction and gasification plants. Depending upon project size and complexity, the associated expenditures for the total compliance effort could require multimillion dollar budgeting.